Exploring the Role of Transit Ridership as a Proxy for Regional Centrality in Moderating the Relationship between the 3Ds and Street-Level Pedestrian Volume: Evidence from Seoul, Korea

The preference for walking and the resulting pedestrian activities have been considered key success factors streets, neighborhoods, cities alike. Although micro- meso-scale built environment that encourage investigated, role of macroscopic such as regional centrality in explaining street-level volume is often neglected. Against this backdrop, study examines relationship between environments using Smart Card survey data from Seoul after controlling transport ridership a proxy centrality. As preliminary study, we analyzed 36 regression models applying different sets transit variables found combination bus within 400 m subway 300 best explained variation on street. Then, effects 3D (density, diversity, design) were compared before spatial range. results demonstrated that, taking into account, influence generally reduced, decrease more pronounced among walkshed-level than variables. Particularly, while effect “design” (street connectivity) appeared to be negatively significant constrained model, it was insignificant unconstrained model which controlled ridership. This suggests degree street connectivity influenced by centrality, accordingly, coefficient variable our might biased. Thus, accurately understand volume, both macro-scale environmental should controlled.